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By the first 100 years A.D., wine was being exported from Italy to Spain, Germany, and France. It wasen't long before these countries ended up developing their own vineyards. Over the next few centries France had become the dominant producer of wines on the world market. Monastaries are known to have been reponsible for establishing several of the most sought after wines in the vineyards of France. Exploration and settlement brought wine to Mexico, Argentina, and South Africa in the 1500's and 1600's. Considered to be the father of the California Wine Industry, Jean-Louis Vignes planted the first European wine vines in northern California. He founded the Buena Vista Winery in 1857, which boasts 1,000 acres of vineyards in both Sonoma and Napa counties, and produces over half a million bottles of wine per year!
Made from fermented grape juice, wine is classified into 3 basic types: Natural, Sparkling, & Fortified. Natural wines may be Red, White, & Rose, and be classified in taste as Dry, Medium, or Sweet. Sparkling wines are given a 2nd fermatation in which added yeast eats up the sugar in the wine and produces carbon dioxide to give the wine a carbonated nature, much like soda pop. Tiny bubbles noticed in sparkling wines are from this natural process, while larger bubbles indicate carbon dioxide was added by machine. Fortified wines, such as Port, Sherry, Marsala, Vermouth, Maderia, Muscat, and Sangria, were made to have a longer shelf life. While there are spirits that are made from wine, the fortification process is created by when alcohol is added to the wine, thus killing the yeast before the fermintation process is completed, which leaves residual sugar. The higher levels of alcohol and sweetness help to preserve the wine longer. Wine is usually aged for several years in wood barrels, allowing the wood to influence the characteristics of the wine from taste, color, depth, complexity, and so on.
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Wineries - Calistoga
Dutch Henry Winery 4300 Silverado Trail, Calistoga, CA 94515 Map 707 942-5771
Twomey Cellars 1183 Dunaweal Ln, Calistoga, CA 94515 Map 707 942-2481
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Wineries - Geyserville
Silver Oak Cellars 24625 Chianti Road, Geyserville, CA 95441 Map 707 857-3562
Wineries - Healdsburg
Gallo E & J Winery 3387 Dry Creek Road, Healdsburg, CA 95448 Map 707 431-5500
J Vineyards & Winery 11447 Old Redwood Highway, Healdsburg, CA 95448 Map 707 431-3646
Raymond Burr Vineyards 8339 West Dry Creek Road, Healdsburg, CA 95448 Map 707 433-8559
Stonestreet 7111 Highway 128, Healdsburg, CA 95448 Map 707 433-9463
Twomey Cellars 3000 Westside Rd, Healdsburg, CA 95448 Map 707 942-7150
Wineries - Kenwood
Wine Room 9575 Sonoma Highway, Kenwood, CA 95452 Map 707 833-6131
Wineries - Morgan Hill
Guglielmo Emilio Winery 1480 E Main, Morgan Hill, CA 95037 Map 408 779-2145
Pedrizzetti Winery 1645 San Pedro Avenue, Morgan Hill, CA 95037 Map 408 779-7389
Wineries - Oakville
Silver Oak Cellars 915 Oakville Crossroad, Oakville, CA 94562 Map 707 944-8808
Wineries - Sacramento
Revolution Wines 2116 P St, Sacramento, CA 95816 Map 916 444-7711
Wineries - Saint Helena
Amizetta Vineyards 1099 Greenfield Road, Saint Helena, CA 94574 Map 707 963-1460
Charbay Winery & Distillery 4001 Spring Mountain Road, Saint Helena, CA 94574 Map 707 963-9327
Kent Rasmussen Winery 1001 Silverado Trail South, Saint Helena, CA 94574 Map 707 963-5667
Wineries - Windsor
Mc Ilroy Wines 6133 Aaron Ct, Windsor, CA 95492 Map 707 838-6202
Merry Edwards Wines 830 Den Beste Court, Windsor, CA 95492 Map 707 838-9950
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